Membrane technology in water treatment

Membranes are used in many different ways in water treatment. In microfiltration, for example, water can be pretreated with a pore size of 1 µ or pigments can be recovered in industry, for example. The smallest pore openings down to 0.0001 µ retain particles in ion size and are used for desalination and removal of trace substances. 

Membranes are used individually or wound as flat membranes or manufactured as hollow body membranes. The usual materials are polymers or ceramics.